Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6. Its molecule is composed of 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. Because its molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. It is mainly used as a precursor to heavy chemicals, such as ethylbenzene and cumene.
Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon, the second [n]-annulene ([6]-annulene). It is sometimes abbreviated PhH. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is responsible for the aroma around petrol (gasoline) stations. As benzene has a high octane number, aromatic derivatives like toluene and xylene typically comprise up to 25% of gasoline (petrol). Benzene itself has been limited to less than 1% in gasoline because it is a known human carcinogen. Most non-industrial applications have been limited as well for the same reason.
| Item | Test Method | Sales Spec. |
| Appearance | Visual | Clear |
| Sp-gr, 15.56 ℃/15.56 ℃ | ASTM D-4052 | 0.8820-0.8860 |
| Solidification Point, ℃ | ASTM D-852 | Min 5.39 |
| Color Pt/Co | ASTM D-1209 | Max 20 |
| Acid Wash Color | AASTM D-848 | Max 2 |
| Thiophene, pp | ASTM D-1685 | Max 1.0 |
| CS2, ppm | ASTM D-2324 | Max 1.0 |
| Sulfur Compounds | ASTM D-853 | Free of H2S/So2 |
| Water, ppm | ASTM D-1744 | Report |
| Copper Corrosion | ASTM D-849 | pass |
| Acidity | ASTM D-847 | No Free Acid |
| Range of Distillation, ℃ | ASTM D-850 | 80.1±1 |
| Recovery,% | ASTM D-850 | Min 97 |
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